Understanding Peak-to-Average Ratio
How we calculate. PAR = peak demand ÷ average demand (dimensionless). The form uses the same arithmetic as the worked examples on this page. See our methodology and accuracy policy.
Real-world scenario: A typical Peak-to-Average Ratio case uses peak load 10 and average load 6.5. Enter the same figures below to reproduce the worked path.
What is Peak-to-Average Ratio?
The inverse-style companion to load factor (PAR ≈ 100 ÷ load factor % when definitions match). Higher PAR means spikier demand.
- Same UOM for peak and average
- Result is a ratio, not a percent
- Pairs with load factor
The Formula
Worked Example
Common Use Cases
- Tariff analysis: peakiness
- Storage sizing: peak shaving need
- Demand response: spike magnitude
Pro Tips
- Use coincident peaks carefully
- State interval length
- Compare to load factor
Limitations: Peak-to-Average Ratio results are educational energy and utilities planning aids—not engineering, grid-operations, or investment advice. Confirm definitions with your ISO/RTO, plant, and regulatory reporting standards.
FAQ
Relation to load factor?
When average and peak match both tools, PAR ≈ 1 ÷ (load factor as a decimal).
What if average load is 0?
PAR is undefined—enter a positive average load.
Authoritative References
For power system and plant performance concepts, consult: