Load Factor

A demand-shape KPI for buildings, campuses, and utilities. Distinct from logistics fleet load factor (payload/cube fill).

Load factor % = average demand ÷ peak demand × 100.

Tip: Keep “Average Load” and “Peak Load” on the same basis (period, units, and population) before calculating Load Factor.

Cluster: Energy hub · Professional efficiency · Manufacturing hub · Percentage guide

Load factor compares average demand to peak demand over a period.

Enter average load and peak load in the same unit (kW or MW).

Average demand for the period
Peak demand for the period

Load Factor

Understanding Load Factor

How we calculate. Load factor % = average demand ÷ peak demand × 100. The form uses the same arithmetic as the worked examples on this page. See our methodology and accuracy policy.

Real-world scenario: A typical Load Factor case uses average load 6.5 and peak load 10. Enter the same figures below to reproduce the worked path.

What is Load Factor?

A demand-shape KPI for buildings, campuses, and utilities. Distinct from logistics fleet load factor (payload/cube fill).

  • Same UOM for average and peak
  • Higher usually means flatter load
  • Period must match the peak definition

The Formula

Load Factor
Load factor % = (Average load ÷ Peak load) × 100

Worked Example

Scenario: Average 6.5 MW; peak 10 MW.
Step 1: 6.5 ÷ 10 = 0.65
Step 2: × 100 = 65%
Answer: Load factor is 65%.

Common Use Cases

  • Demand charges: peak vs average
  • Facility energy: load shape
  • Utility planning: system load factor

Pro Tips

  • Align average with the same interval as peak
  • Watch weather-driven peaks
  • Pair with peak-to-average ratio

Limitations: Load Factor results are educational energy and utilities planning aids—not engineering, grid-operations, or investment advice. Confirm definitions with your ISO/RTO, plant, and regulatory reporting standards.

FAQ

Same as fleet load factor?

No—that logistics tool is cargo capacity fill. This page is electrical average÷peak demand.

What if peak load is 0?

Load factor is undefined—enter a positive peak load.

Authoritative References

For power system and plant performance concepts, consult:

  • U.S. EIA — energy statistics and explainers
  • NERC — reliability standards context
  • IEA — international energy analysis